ABSTRACT
One of the most important aspects of the development of an electrochemical biosensor is the choice of materials used in the manufacturing process. This statement is based, not only on the use of the material with a good ability to conduct electrons but also on the use of a material that provides a good linkage between the electron transducer and the biological material. In this meaning, carbon-based conductive materials have been widely used in the development of electrochemical bioassays. This is because these materials present high electrical conductivity, low current background, stability, low cost, and mainly the potentiality the use as a material biological host system, after the association with enzymes, antibodies, DNA, and RNA fragments, among others. In this respect, electrochemical biosensors have played an important role in disease diagnosis, especially in the last few years for the sensing of SARS-CoV-2. Carbon-based materials can be classified according to their dimensionalities and structures, which can influence their properties (Li and Mu in Appl Energy 242:695-715, 2019 1). In addition, surface treatments have been widely used for the activation or functionalization of carbon-based materials, which can improve sensor immobilization. Thus, the properties, treatments, and applications of carbon-based materials for the fabrication of biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 will be addressed and discussed in this chapter. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.